Wednesday, June 26, 2013

Hypothesis: the reversal of the relation between economic growth and health progress in Sweden in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was caused by electrification



Hypothesis: the reversal of the relation between economic growth and health progress in Sweden in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was caused by electrification


Posted online on June 26, 2013. (doi:10.3109/15368378.2013.783844)

*
Retired Washington State Health Department
Olympia, WA
USA
Address correspondence to 
Samuel Milham MD, MPH, 2318 Gravelly Beach Loop NW, Olympia, WA 98502
USA. Tel: 1-360 866-0256. E-mail: . Website: www.sammilham.com
*Contact address October 15 to April 30: 82181 Bergman Dr., Indio, CA 92201, USA. Tel: 1-760 775-5878.

Abstract

The expected decline of health indicators with economic recessions and improvement with economic growth in the nineteenth century Sweden was reversed in the twentieth century, giving the counterintuitive pattern of higher mortality and lower life expectancy in economic expansions and improvement of these indices in recessions. The change or “tipping point” occurred at the end of the nineteenth century or early in the twentieth century when electrification was introduced into Sweden. All 5 of the reversals of annual industrial electric energy use in the US between 1912 and 1970 were accompanied by recessions with lowered GDP, increased unemployment, decreased mortality and increased life expectancy. The health indices were not related to residential electricity use. The mortality improvement between 1931 and 1932 by state in the US strongly favored urban areas over rural areas. Rural unemployment by state in 1930 was significantly positively correlated with residential electrification percentage by state in 1930. The health effects of economic change are mediated by electrical exposure.



Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368378.2013.783844


http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368378.2013.783844

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